Abstract:
In recent years, applications have increasingly moved from wired to wireless. 
Former localized applications (e.g. desktop computers, phones) are now wireless 
and, therefore, movable. The convenience and acceptance of wireless and agile 
products yield an increasing demand for similar products in cars. 
Additionally, car manufacturers can reduce manufacturing costs by substitution
 of wired applications. The massive amount of cables in cars adds to cost and 
weight and can be avoided with wireless applications. Hence, we will see not 
only wireless entertainment applications, but also car functions move to 
wireless connections.

Communication of data using the air as a channel is very vulnerable to attacks. 
The reason that the attacker can easily tap the channel using radio receivers. 
The attacker is able to read, change, or delete messages. This can be a 
tremendous problem, leading to great financial losses for manufacturer even if 
the attack targets less important features in cars. The loss of confidence in 
car brands due to malfunctions in electronic devices is a concern of today's 
manufacturers. An attacker could invoke malfunctions of simple services such 
as power windows or air conditioning. The driver will probably return the car 
and never buy the same brand again.

Nowadays, several protocols for wireless communication can be found to be used 
for any new application that might be integratedin future cars. These include 
applications for in-car communication, car-to-car communication, and far field 
communication. However, we have to analyze these systems carefully in order to 
understand their security limitations. In this chapter, we introduce the most 
important standards for wireless communication and show associated security 
implications. All wireless systems can be structured by the designated 
application focus:

- Far field communication: Cell phone networks such as the Global System for 
  Mobile Communication (GSM) and the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System 
  (UMTS). These systems can be used for several services such as traffic 
  information, toll billing, weather information, local information services, 
  and dynamic routing.
- Car-to-car and hot-spot communication: Wireless network standards wireless 
  LAN (WLAN) and HiperLan/2 are appropriate for small-range data interchange 
  between cars. Applications are, e.g., safety systems, ad-hoc networking 
  between cars, remote diagnosis, and hot-spot communication 
  (e.g., at gas stations).
- In-car communication: Possible applications of Bluetooth, ZigBee, DECT, and 
  IrDA include data exchange from sensors to the control network of the car, 
  PDA data interchange with car networks, and identification with keys.

For each standard we first give a short description of the architecture 
focusing on the part providing the security services. In addition, we list 
the security services as well as the security shortcomings of the standards. 


BibTeX:
@INBOOK{IB-PWP04,
  AUTHOR =       "{J. Pelzl, T. Wollinger}",
  TITLE =        "{Embedded Security in Cars - Securing Current and Future Automotive IT Applications}",
  CHAPTER =      "{Chapter: Security Aspects of Mobile Communication Systems}",
  PUBLISHER =    "{Springer-Verlag}",
  ISBN=          {3-540-28384-6},
  YEAR =         {2005},
  EDITOR =       "{Kerstin Lemke, Christof Paar, Marko Wolf}"
}